Weeks after her arrest, Parks was jailed a second time for her role in the boycott. Rosa Louise McCauley was born February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. In addition to African ancestry, one of Parks' great-grandfathers was Scots-Irish and one of her great-grandmothers a part-Native American slave. Nixon’s offer to help her appeal the conviction and thus challenge legal segregation in Alabama. When she was two, her parents separated. When her parents separated, she moved with her mother to Pine Level, just outside the state capital, Montgomery. They took form as sit-ins, eat-ins, swim-ins, and similar causes. Name at birth: Rosa Louise McCauley. In the biography. Rosa Parks called Malcolm X her hero, and they interacted several times during the American civil rights movement. At the time of her arrest, she was preparing for a major youth conference. Rosa Parks became an icon of the American civil rights movement simply by refusing to give up her seat on a city bus. Read 3 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Her defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, and from there sparked a national civil rights movement for racial equality. Mrs. Representative Julia Carson of Indianapolis, Indiana introduced H. R. Bill 573 on February 4, 1999, which would award Mrs. Rosa Parks the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor if it passed the House of Representatives and the Senate by a majority. Sometimes Rosa would choose to stay awake and keep watch with her grandfather. On September 26, 1998 Mrs. ROSA PARKS' BIOGRAPHY She received her high school diploma in 1934, after her marriage to Raymond Parks, December 18, 1932. Parks met Pope John-Paul II in St. Louis, MO and read a statement to him asking for racial healing. Contingent with the protest in Montgomery, others took shape throughout the south and the country. Parks received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees, including one from SOKA UNIVERSITY, Tokyo Japan, hundreds of plaques, certificates, citations, awards and keys to many cities. Mrs. A Museum and Library is being built in her honor, in Montgomery, AL and will open in the fall of the year 2000 (ground breaking April 21, 1998). This biography profiles her childhood, life, career, works, achievements and timeline. We will write a custom Essay on Rosa Parks’ Biography and Influences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page. Parks moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1957. Parks’ childhood brought her early experiences with racial discrimination and activism for racial equality. In February, 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development with Ms. Elaine Eason Steele in honor of her husband, Raymond (1903-1977). Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was appointed the spokesperson for the Bus Boycott and taught nonviolence to all participants. Corrections? Civil rights activist. Rosa Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. She grew up on a farm … In 1957 Parks moved with her husband and mother to Detroit, where from 1965 to 1988 she worked on the staff of Michigan Congressman John Conyers, Jr. She remained active in the NAACP, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference established an annual Rosa Parks Freedom Award in her honour. Parks died of natural causes on October 24, 2005 in her apartment on the east side of Detroit. I haven’t reached that stage yet.”. Rosa Parks sees the energy of young people as a real force for change. Three of the passengers left their seats, but Parks refused. Rosa Parks She was born 4th February 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. She worked to obtain justice for women. She went on to attend a Black junior high school for 9th grade and a Black teacher’s college for 10th and part of 11th grade. Rosa Parks was best known for her act of civil disobedience in December of 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Parks was forced to move from Montgomery soon after the boycott. Rosa and her family experienced racism in less violent ways, too. She became ac… rosa louise parks biography Rosa Louise Parks was nationally recognized as the “mother of the modern day civil rights movement” in America. Both Parks and Nixon knew that they were opening themselves to harassment and death threats, but they also knew that the case had the potential to spark national outrage. If you're looking for a template that can save you precious time when creating a presentation about the famous activist Rosa Parks, you've come to the right place. In 1967, a riot started in Detroit, Rosa considered housing discrimina… Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama, USA as Rosa Louise McCauley. Parks received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees. She was tried and convicted of violating a local ordinance. Parks was not sitting in a whites-only section. It opened on the 45th Anniversary of her arrest and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Non – Violent Peace Prize and the ROSA PARKS PEACE PRIZE in 1994, Stockholm Sweden, to name a few. Born Rosa Louise McCauley, February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, AL; died of natural causes, October 24, 2005, in Detroit, MI. Parks didn’t return to her studies. Congressman John Conyers First Congressional District of Michigan employed Mrs. Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist who refused to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. President Nelson Mandela is also listed among the select few of world leaders who have received the medal. Learn More. Though white children in the area were bused to their schools, Black children had to walk. Her parents, James and Leona McCauley, separated when Parks was two. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Throughout Parks’ education, she attended segregated schools. Parks was not sitting in a whites-only section. … She had been fighting for years to get justice for black people under the law — Recy Taylor and Gertrude Perkins who’d been raped, Viola White and Claudette Colvin who had been arrested for resisting on the bus. Rosa Louise Parks was nationally recognized as the “mother of the modern day civil rights movement” in America. Biography of Rosa Parks She was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913. Parks the MEDAL OF FREEDOM, the highest award given to a civilian citizen. In 1932, at age 19, Rosa married Raymond Parks, a barber and a civil rights activist, who encouraged her to return to high school and earn a diploma. Copyright © 2021 Goodread Biography - www.goodreadbiography.com. Published Act no.28 of 1997 designated the first Monday following February 4, as Mrs Rosa Parks’ Day in the state of Michigan, her home state. Rosa Parks and her husband Raymond Parks never had children and she outlived her only sibling. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white male passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, December 1, 1955, triggered a wave of protest December 5, 1955 that reverberated throughout the United States. Parks was the first woman to lie in state at the U.S. Capitol. Bus seats were left empty to honor Parks on the 50th anniversary of her arrest. She herself lived in a neighborhood, Virginia Park, which had been compromised by highway construction and urban renewal. After Parks died in 2005, her body lay in state in the rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, an honour reserved for private citizens who performed a great service for their country. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. As Rosa Parks prepared to return to Alabama State Teacher’s College, her mother also became ill, therefore, she continued to take care of their home and care for her mother while her brother, Sylvester, worked outside of the home. Though achieving the desegregation of Montgomery’s city buses was an incredible feat, Parks was not satisfied with that victory. To be treated the same as whites. Rosa was born in the town of Tuskegee in Alabama, a state in southern USA. Thousands of courageous people joined the “protest” to demand equal rights for all people. Civil Rights Figure . Rosa Parks was a symbol to all to remain free. Dear Mrs. His immaculate dress and his thorough knowledge of domestic affairs and current events made most think he was college educated. Rosa Parks Biography book. Mrs. Her act of civil disobedience was not pre-meditated. After the boycott, Rosa Parks became an icon and leading spokesperson of the civil rights movement in the US. The boycott lasted 381 days, and even people outside Montgomery embraced the cause: protests of segregated restaurants, pools, and other public facilities took place all over the United States. She had a younger brother named Sylvester. When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus for white passengers in 1955, she was arrested for violating the city’s racial segregation ordinances. Beginning at age 11, Parks attended the city’s Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery. She co-founded Detroit’s Joan Little Defense Committee, to help the 20 year old woman serving a 7 year sentence for robbery, and had killed a white guard who sexually assaulted her. African Americans constituted some 70 percent of the ridership, and the absence of their bus fares cut deeply into revenue. Parks’ mother moved the family to Pine Level, Alabama, to live with her parents, Rose and Sylvester Edwards. Parks arrest. A Supreme Court ruling and declining revenues forced the city to desegregate its buses thirteen months later. Rosa Parks got married to Raymond Parks in 1932. NEWSLETTER: Subscribe For Content Like This And More. Born Rosa Louise McCauley on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama, Rosa Parks was the granddaughter of former slaves. Rosa Parks did not refuse to leave her seat because her feet were tired. She was the first child of James and Leona Edwards McCauley. Immediately after the boycott, she lost her job in a department store. In her family, she also had a great-grandmother, and a Scots-Irish great-grandfather as well. When she was two years old, shortly after the birth of her younger brother, Sylvester, her parents chose to separate. He was a self-educated person with the assistance of his mother, Geri Parks. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” Parks was not the first Black woman to refuse to give up her bus seat for a white person—15-year-old Claudette Colvin had been arrested for the same offense nine months earlier, and dozens of other Black women had preceded them in the history of segregated public transit. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Parks became an instant icon, but her resistance was a natural extension of a lifelong commitment to activism. For much of her childhood, Rosa was educated at home by her mother, who also worked as a teacher at a nearby school. Parks received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees. At age 11 Rosa entered the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls, where Black girls were taught regular school subjects alongside domestic skills. Parks parents, James and Leona McCauley, separated when Parks was two. Called “the mother of the civil rights movement,” Rosa Parks invigorated the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Mrs. She was voted by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most Influential people of the 20th century. As a role model for youth she was stimulated by their enthusiasm to learn as much about her life as possible. Where are we going?”. She is known as the “mother of the civil rights movement.”. Both of Rosa’s grandparents were former slaves and strong advocates for racial equality; the family lived on the Edwards’ farm, where Rosa would spend her youth. Under the leadership of Martin Luther … Read Rosa Louise Parks Biography and Profile. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Among them are the NAACP’s Spingarn Medal, the UAW’s Social Justice Award, the Martin Luther King, Jr. The purpose is to motivate and direct youth not targeted by other programs to achieve their highest potential. Read Rosa Louise Parks Biography and Profile. Born in February 4, 1913, Rosa Parks was and still is a human rights activist icon of all the time. He supported and encouraged Rosa’s desire to complete her formal education. Her full name was Rosa Louise McCauley and she was born in Tuskegee, Alabama on February 4, 1913 to Leona and James McCauley. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. On December 21, 2004 the 49th Anniversary of the Mrs. Parks’ arrest was commemorated with a Civil Rights and Hip-Hop Forum at the Franklin Settlement in Detroit, Michigan. 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