Conversely, Osella and Osella (1998) describe eve-teasing-like behaviors in a much more nuanced manner to deepen understanding of courting behavior among youth in Kerala. Eve teasing was identified as a significant community problem through a community-based participatory process with nine villages in Punjab, … ", "Youth held for eve-teasing, told to distribute handouts", "The Legal Regulation of Women's Sexuality", "Blank Noise Project - I Never Asked For It", "Join the fight against eve teasing in Mumbai", "Delhi Versus 'Eve Teasers': a Race Against Time", "Mumbai's Ladies Special train leaves the commuter sex pests behind", "Women get exclusive coach in Delhi Metro", "How 2 eve teasing Hyderabadi men were taught a lesson using Facebook", "Eveteasing in India And Tortious Liabilities", Bangladesh 'Eve Teasing' craze takes a terrible toll, Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eve_teasing&oldid=1017780281, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 April 2021, at 15:30. Hindi Story, Essay on “Ser ko Sava Ser”, “सेर को सवा सेर” Hindi Moral Story, Nibandh for Class 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 students Based on interview responses, prevalence of eve teasing was common, ranging from 37.1% for “ever” to 48.3% in within the past 1 year (n = 89; Table 2). The most frequent answers were categorized as life would be much better/enjoyable (23), I would be free (21), I would feel safe (21), and I would be able to pursue school or work (8). FundingThe author(s) received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article. Due to the use of community-based coresearchers, additional measures were taken to provide ethics training geared toward lay researchers and assured close supervision. A female FGD participant shared a story about an adolescent girl from a nearby village who received an unwanted kiss from a boy while picking mangos. [12] Teasing the girls, passing comment on them, harassing them, and troubling them purposely is called 'eve teasing. Eve teasing is a euphemism in South Asia for a common form of sexual harassment that typically occurs in public places (Baxi, 2001; Dhillon & Bakaya, 2014). [8][9][10], The Indian National Commission for Women has suggested that the expression be replaced by a more appropriate term. Eve teasing and molestation are problems that women all over the world, especially in India, grapple with everyday. The purpose of this study was to characterize the meaning of eve teasing in the rural context, especially among female youth, and to develop a means to measure its occurrence. She can be reached at mini. When the survey participants were asked, “Do you think people in your community would support efforts to stop eve teasing? haha [17][18] In the following decades, more and more women started attending college and working independently, meaning that they were often no longer accompanied by a male escort as had been the norm in traditional society. In hindsight I find it humorous — walking to class was impossible without someone eve teasing and lab work was frequently thwarted. With the exception of two FGDs with adolescent boys, all participants were females, aged 13 to 26. She reported the incident to her coach and parents. Restriction on women’s mobility in public was a common complaint of participants in our study as has been noted elsewhere. Perceived consequences of eve teasing included tight restrictions on girls’ mobility, inability to attend school or work, girls being blamed, and causing family problems. Given the ubiquity of eve teasing and the common sentiment by women that is a “little rape” (Dhillon & Bakaya, 2014), a more appropriate means for men to convey romantic interest is needed. Login failed. Mixed methods data gathering included FGDs, semistructured interviews using a novel questionnaire, and direct observation of a subset of interviews. The eve teasing module in the ETQ-MH questionnaire included questions about perceived exposure, occurrence, and timing as a means of measuring prevalence (Figure 1). In addition to motivation, perpetrators must also overcome internal and external inhibitions to harass, such as one’s moral standards as well as sociocultural norms and expectations (O’Hare & O’Donohue, 1998). Strict patriarchy is particularly prominent in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and northern India, particularly Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh (Sen, 2001). Figure 3. Overall, 123 participants were enrolled in the study and participated in one of six FGDs (n = 34) or an interview (n = 89), and all were rural dwellers. [email protected]edu, Stephen C. Alder is the director of the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine at the University of Utah and has extensive experience in community engaged research and global health. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Additionally, insights to effective interventions were gathered to inform the Proceed phases, which include implementation and evaluation. The use of sexual innuendo, making of indecent suggestions and sometimes minor physicall sexual harrassment (e.g. Eve teasing (n). The number of women's organisations and those working for women's rights also increased, and during this period reports of bride burning increased. Many female students stopped their studies and even going outdoors. Confidentiality was improved by not collecting personal identifiers and using verbal rather than signed consent and assent. Table 2. Eve teasing is a common euphemism in South Asia for sexual harassment of women in public areas by men. In another example, a 22-year-old wife and mother described how she was eve teased at a religious event in New Delhi by being followed by a group of boys in a crowded location or “crush.” Upon learning about the episode, her mother-in-law became very angry with her and she felt ashamed and humiliated. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Sheher Ki Ladki. The questionnaire included structured and open-ended questions about (a) eve teasing exposure, nature, timing, and intensity (Figure 1); (b) chronicity, which delineates one-time or ongoing harassment, perpetrator attributes, and emotional impact (Figure 2); and (c) attitudes toward eve teasing, which relate to O’Donohue and O’Hare’s four-factor theory of perpetration, and opinions about what should be done to curb eve teasing (Figure 3). After the rise of eve teasing cases in the 2000s, it organised several public awareness campaigns, including Take Back the Night, followed by another public art project titled, The Blank Noise Project, starting in Bangalore in 2003. Demographic Characteristics of Interview Participants Compared to Selected Demographic Characteristics From a 2011 Census (n = 89). Community meetings were held initially to garner interest in the project and to describe the process followed by separate structured meetings and focus group discussions (FGDs) with various subgroups of the community, such as leaders, elder men, elder women, mothers, and youth. These behaviors were described as being perpetrated by single persons or groups of men or boys and perpetrated by strangers, people known to the victims, and even “within the home.” It was difficult to elicit distinctly separate descriptions of gender-based, or power-based, versus sexualized examples of eve teasing. Among interview participants, perpetrators were described as equally likely to act as an individual or a group, be known or unknown to the victim, and be of the same age of the participant or older (Table 3). Now, It has become a slang and used to call someone hot looking or very beautiful, or beautifully dressed. What it means is to go for a round. The first 23 interviews, conducted in July, 2013, were observed by a study team member with attention paid to ease of wording, interviewer techniques, and participant understanding. [19] In February 2009, female students from Maharaja Sayajirao University (MSU) in Vadodara assaulted four young men near the family and community sciences faculty, after the men made lewd comments about a girl student staying in SD Hall hostel. Common behaviors include when men or boys stare at, stalk, touch, or make a remark toward women. Furthermore, the connection focuses only on research conducted on sexual harassment in the workplace or academic settings, indicating a research gap on the effect of sexual harassment, or street harassment, on women in South Asia (Bartlett & Rhode, 2006; Chiodo, Wolfe, Crooks, Hughes, & Jaffe, 2009; Fernandes, Hayes, & Patel, 2013). While the impact of eve teasing on the victim is a primary concern, it is important to understand the perpetrator’s intent and cultural factors that influence such behavior to inform prevention strategies. Lastly, prevention efforts should focus on better enforcement, consciousness-raising about the seriousness and ubiquity of eve teasing, and educational interventions targeted to youth to to discourage perpetration and educate those at risk about support systems and coping strategies. Telugu. But then, just as women lose their trust in men, men begin to detest Questions about last eve teasing experience in the ETQ-MH. It is also notable that half of perpetrators were older men, suggesting that a large proportion of eve teasing is not due to flirting or courting behaviors among peers. Our community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach involved the broader community in problem identification and prioritization (Wallerstein & Duran, 2006). Learn more. One participant said that parents restrict girls not for safety reasons, but due to “fake family honor.” Other examples of restrictions included, “parents don’t allow girls to go outside” and “husbands keep a close eye on wife. Behavior included staring, stalking, touching, making remarks or “passing a comment,” winking, and deliberate pushing by a boy into another boy to “accidentally” push a girl. ETQ-MH = Eve Teasing Questionnaire–Mental Health. Eve teasing stands for a kind of sexual harassment of a young woman. Additional sections of the questionnaire, described in a manuscript under preparation, included mental health status, sociodemographics, and covariates pertinent to assessing the relationship between eve teasing and mental health. Meaning of Eve teasing. Local coresearchers also participated with the collection of data, questionnaire development, and interpretation of results. [32], In Delhi, one of India's most dangerous cities for women,[33] the Department of Women and Child Development established a steering committee in 2009 to prepare the city for the Commonwealth Games to be held in 2010. Previously unpublished research from the first author among youth in rural Punjab found that eve teasing and the resulting social isolation of adolescent girls is a common problem. The natural sex ratio is assumed to be between 103 and 107, and any number above it is considered as suggestive of female foeticide. Characteristics of Last Eve Teasing Experience Among Women Aged 14 to 25 in Punjab, India, 2013-2014 (n = 36). Stalk meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Stalk in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages. Sharon L. Talboys is a global health practitioner and on the public health faculty at Westminster College. Efforts were made to sensitise the police about the issue, and police started to round up Eve teasers. Data collection was carried out in July 2013 and May 2014 in nine rural villages in the Fategarh Sahib District of Punjab, India. Often, many women are unaware of the laws and regulations that give them protection against such acts. It is quite plausible that eve teasing could have lasting psycho-social consequestions and thus deserves more research. However, some noteworthy findings emerged: Nearly half of the perpetrators were perceived to be older than the participant, approximately 50% were known to the participant, and close to two thirds of the perpetrators were from the general or high caste (Table 3). This study was part of a broader community effort to mobilize against eve teasing. They also suggested that girls, parents, the community, broader society, and government should stand up against eve teasing. Eve teasing was identified as a significant community problem through a community-based participatory process with nine villages in Punjab, India. Eve teasing was described as staring, stalking, passing comments, and inappropriate physical touch. Once identified and reported, it was supported enthusiastically by elder women and albeit with some initial trepidation, approval from male leaders. Eve teasing is just one of many threats to women in rural Punjab. Many girls committed suicide as a result of eve teasing. More importantly, the literature on the prevalence of eve teasing in the community setting is sparse and methodologies lack rigor and measures lack standardization and validation. Our findings fully support this representation of eve teasing as a human rights issue, including Akhtar’s assertion that “of all the forms that violence against women can assume, eve teasing is the most ubiquitous and insidious because it is considered normal behaviors and not an assault to females” (Akhtar, 2013, p. 169). What Is Eve Teasing? Eve teasing is a common euphemism in South Asia for sexual harassment of women in public areas by men. The nature of eve teasing and its broader impact on human rights is described by Akhtar (2013) as a means of controlling women through intimidation and an affront to women’s freedom of movement, education, and bodily integrity and a major stumbling block for achieving gender equality in India. The strength of these norms is evidenced by frequent media reports of cases where eve teasing leads to suicide, interfamily violence, early or forced marriages to preempt or repair the threat to a girl’s reputation, and even honor killings (Hoque, 2013; Wang, Modvig, & Montgomery, 2009). The Amendment also introduced new sections making acts like disrobing a woman without consent, stalking and sexual acts by person in authority an offense. They explain that while male youth often begins their flirting gambit with an aggressive comment that may include a double entendre that is sexual in nature, the female recipients have the power to end the interaction by not responding or through an insulting retort of her own. (Dhillon & Bakaya, 2014, p. 1). You can be signed in via any or all of the methods shown below at the same time. By including both direct (subjective) and behavior-based (objective) questions, the instrument, to some extent, disentangles perception from actual behavior. As described by the Indian government, eve teasing occurs, when a man by words either spoken or by signs and/or by visible representation or by gesture does any act in public space, or signs, recites or utters any indecent words or song or ballad in any public place to the annoyance of any woman. By developing and piloting the ETQ-MH instrument, we advanced a methodology to address a form of gender and sexual harassment that is underrepresented in the literature. A Mixed Methods Study of Sexual Harassment of Young Women in the Rural Indian Context, http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage, Ellsberg, Heise, Peña, Agurto, & Winkvist, 2001, Chiodo, Wolfe, Crooks, Hughes, & Jaffe, 2009, https://feminisminindia.com/2015/01/18/stop-calling-it-eve-teasing/, http://www.india-seminar.com/2001/505/505%20pratiksha%20baxi.htm, http://sgo.sagepub.com/content/4/3/2158244014543786, http://www.tijoss.com/TIJOSS%2015th%20Volume/aminul%20hoque.pdf, http://www.jagori.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Baseline-Survey_layout_for-Print_12_03_2011.pdf, http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/04/21/the-term-eve-teasing-must-die/, Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Students in the United States, Japan, and India, Street Harassment: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Young Women in Delhi. You experience any difficulty logging in demographic characteristics from a 2011 Census ( n = 89.. 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